Portfolio withdrawals are grossed up so the amount you spend is after tax. Roughly:
- 0% — Roth accounts, or if you're already thinking in after-tax dollars.
- 15–25% — Traditional 401(k)/IRA withdrawals for most retirees.
- 10–15% — Taxable brokerage, if most of the withdrawal is long-term capital gains.
This is a simplification. A future version will let you split the portfolio by account type.